Apex architecture for enterprise Salesforce platforms

Salesforce orgs rarely fail because of a single bad class. They fail because business logic accumulates in triggers, flows and one-off automations until nobody can predict what a single record update will do.

The remedy is boring and effective: one trigger per object, a handler that only routes, and domain services that hold the actual rules. Once logic lives in plain, injectable Apex classes, it becomes testable without contorting the test suite around the platform.

Lightning Web Components should stay thin. Data shaping belongs in Apex controllers with explicit contracts, so the UI can evolve without dragging query logic along with it.

Governor limits are an architecture constraint, not an inconvenience. Bulk-safe patterns, selective queries and asynchronous processing need to be decided at design time, particularly for orgs absorbing multiple brands or acquisitions.

Pair all of this with real deployment pipelines and regression tests. Coverage percentage is a poor goal by itself; a suite that catches integration breakage before release is the actual objective.